The practice of eight ears of uninterrupted compulsory primary education has started as per the Law no 4306 which has become effective all over the country after being issued in the Official Gazette dated 18.8.1997 no 23084.

Provisions are in place to collect education contributions from some processes and papers between 01.09.1997-31.12.2000 in order to be used for the expenditures of eight years of primary education. By the law no. 4702, this provision has been extended until 31.12.2010 to cover secondary education.

"Project 2000 for Keeping Pace with the Age in Education" is implemented so that the said legislation is enforced effectively.

The practice of BUSSED PRIMARY EDUCATION in daily transporting the students living in less populated and disorganized settlement areas, and areas without primary schools, or attending schools in combined classrooms to central primary education schools in order to provide equality of opportunity to students and to increase the quality of education they receive.

The practice of BUSSED PRIMARY EDUCATION has made great contributions to the aim of providing compulsory primary education to the age population.

A total of 2.393.973 students have been included in the practice of BUSSED PRIMARY EDUCATION, of which,
521.218 were in the academic year 1998-1999,

635.041 were in academic year 1999-2000,

607.918 were in academic year 2000-2001, and

629.796 were in the academic year 2001-2002.

The education contribution collected during various processes and procedures to be used for the expenditures of eight years of compulsory education as per the provisional article 1 of the Law no 4306 has been extended until 31.12.2002 with the Law no 4605 and re-extended until year 2010 with the Law no 4702 and it has been suggested that this amount also be used for secondary education services.

1. EIGHT YEARS OF COMPULSORY PRIMARY EDUCATION

Innovations that have been arranged and implemented within the scope of Law no 4306 that changed the structure and functioning of the primary education institutions:
- Primary education institutions shall give education for eight years and students graduating from these schools shall receive a primary education diploma.
- The "primary school" and "lower secondary school" terms that separately or collectively appear in the Laws nos. 222, 1739 and 3308 shall be replaced with "primary education school".
- Students attending 6th, 7th and 8th grades of primary education in secondary schools and students attending vocational training centers shall complete their education in such schools and no student shall be enrolled in these schools starting from the beginning of the 1997-1998 academic year.
- Students who are successful in the preparatory classes of those schools where some courses are taught in foreign language and students who shall start education in the academic year 1997-1998 shall complete their compulsory education in these schools.
- Education system shall be organized to orient the students in every way in line with their interests, aspirations and abilities, and to this end, preparatory classes shall be incorporated in the secondary education institutions in conformance with the objectives of their curricula.

- In the second semester of the last academic year of primary education, introductory information shall be given as to the schools and programs they can attend in secondary education, the professions they can choose after completing such programs, the living standards these professions can provide them with and the business life; necessary efforts shall be made by the guidance services to help them give the correct decision when selecting a profession.
- The primary education school graduates shall be trained as candidate apprentices in workplaces and learn a profession until the age of apprenticeship, children must be at least 14 to become an apprentice, as per article 9 of the law no 4702 accepted on 29.6.2001 people over 19 shall be given apprenticeship training with the prerequisite of being minimum primary education school graduates.
With the Project of Keeping up with the Age in Education, the following have been targeted in primary education;
- reaching a enrollment rate of 100%
- gradually ceasing the practice of combined classrooms
- the number of students per classroom shall be reduced to 20 students
- two shift education shall be replaced with normal education
- quality in primary education shall be improved.
By Policies Related to Objectives it has been planned to;
- increase the number of schools and teachers
- to increase the scope of BUSSED PRIMARY EDUCATION
- increase boarding capacities in Regional Boarding Primary Schools and Boarding Primary Education School
- school-related requirements of the materially deprived students shall be met.
- schools shall be equipped with physical infrastructure along modern lines, as well as tools and equipment.

1.1. BUSSED PRIMARY EDUCATION
Provincial national education directorates are responsible for selecting the areas of settlement that shall be included in the scope of transportation, in line with the principles stated in the Regulation of BUSSED PRIMARY EDUCATION, and the primary schools which shall be transportation centers, and for notifying the required allocation to the Ministry of National Education.
Criteria for selecting the central primary education schools
- must be in a more central location than the schools and areas where students shall be transported from
- must have at least eight classrooms, or a physical capacity sufficient to provide eight years of compulsory primary education in
- the settlement area where the central primary education school is located must have convenient access to the neighboring villages, be developing and have a growing population
- must have sufficient number of teachers and teaching materials
- must be suitable for social and cultural activities.
Criteria for selecting the schools and settlement areas to be included in the BUSSED PRIMARY EDUCATION
- First of all, students who shall be placed in Regional Boarding Primary Schools and Boarding Primary Education School shall be identified and students who live in settlement areas with uneconomical transportation facilities and inconvenient transportation conditions shall also be placed in such schools, and only after the boarding capacity is filled shall the students to be included in BUSSED PRIMARY EDUCATION be identified.
- There must be no school in the village or sub-village.
- The school building must be heavily damaged because of natural disaster or other reasons.
- The total number of students in 1st-3rd grades must be less than 15.
- The primary education schools in villages and sub-villages must not have a sufficient number of classrooms for 4th-8th grades and the total number of these students must be less than 60.
- The school and settlement area from where students shall be transported must be at least 2.5 km away from the central primary education school.
- The transported students must be residing out of the municipality boundaries and if they are within these boundaries they must be more than 2.5 km away from the central primary education school.
As per the Law no 4306, it has been decided to spread BUSSED PRIMARY EDUCATION aimed at 6th-8th grade students and to provide the age population with compulsory primary education. The number of central primary schools all over the country shall be increased in order to achieve a fast improvement in the enrollment rate of the students at the age of compulsory education.

RESOURCE: The Ministry of National Education General Directorate of Primary Education
Note: Numerical values are temporary figures as of 07.11.2001.

1.2 REGIONAL BOARDING PRIMARY SCHOOL AND BOARDING PRIMARY EDUCATION SCHOOL

In accordance with law No. 1739, headed "Basic Law of National Education", the 25th article, and law No. 222, headed "Primary Education and Education Law", the 9th article, for the purpose of providing education and learning in a modern environment to children of primary school age living in low-populated and remote areas as well as for children from families with limited material resources, Regional Boarding Primary Schools (YIBO's) and Boarding Primary Education Schools (PIO's) are being opened.

In the academic year 2001-2002,
" a total of 139.600 students, 39.500 of whom girls, 100.100 of whom boys, enjoyed education in 276 regional boarding primary schools with 5.500 teachers working in these schools.
" a total of 144.200 students, 60.400 of whom were girls, 83.800 of whom boys, enjoyed education in 273 boarding primary education schools, with 5.600 teachers working in these schools.

1.2.1. Efforts Made For Improvement of YIBO's and PIO's.

In the YIBO's and PIO's, students are provided both qualitatively and quantitatively with an education and learning suitable for mental and physical development, for life and for efforts to offer learning at the highest level in modern conditions, which is rooted in basic principles and determined efforts.
Consequently, it is with the objective to achieve quality in education in these educational institutions, increase the success of students, by increasing the qualifications of administrators, teachers and other personnel, develop their success in their professions and jobs, more efficient and effective use of sources, provision of effective use of modern technologies that the School Improvement Model has begun to be applied in the YIBO's and PIO's.

RESOURCE: The Ministry of National Education Research, Planning and Coordination Board
Note: Numerical values are temporary figures as of 01.10.2001.

RESOURCE: The Ministry of National Education Research, Planning and Coordination Board
Note: Numerical values are temporary figures as of 01.10.2001.

1.3. CONTRIBUTION TO EDUCATION
The amounts collected as education contribution have been increased one time since the beginning date. Listed below are such increments made by the decision of the Council of Ministers, dated 03.03.1999 no 12401, and the original form of the Law.
Amounts of education contributions collected as per the Law no 4306 are entered in the government accounts and the private revenues and private allocations are recorded by the Ministry of Finance. The progress in the practice of education contributions achieved between the dates August 18th 1997-November 23rd 2001 is as follows.
As per paragraph (F) of provisional article 1 of the Law no 4306 on the collection of education contribution, all kinds of donations included in the education contributions in order to compensate for the expenses of eight years of primary education are controlled every 6 months by inspectors from the Ministry of National Education and the Ministry of Finance. Seven inspections have been performed until 23.11.2001 and the inspection results reports have been announced to public through the press as per the provisions in the Law.
As indicated in the conclusion section of the World Bank's PEIR Report "Performance Improvement in Education has been achieved by the support provided to the current status, the resources obtained in the last three years by the Law no 4306 and the flexibility in the use of this resource. This success has been achieved by a calculable budget planning and management after the Ministry of National Education had been authorized to create resources and to make budgets. These principles and the experiences gained shall lead to more comprehensive reforms in national expenditure management."

* Has been reorganized with the Law no 4702.
RESOURCE (1) Law no 4306 dated 16.08.1997
(2) Decision of the Council of Ministers dated 03.03.1999 no 12481

The amount of education contribution collected as per the provisional article 1 of the Law no 4306 has been entered by the Ministry of Finance in the accounts of the Central Directorate of Accounting on 23.11.2001 as 1.403 trillion liras.

The revenues of 1.403 trillion liras have been entered as private income in the accounts of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of National Education.

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