The Regulations for Appointing and Relocating the Teachers Employed in the Education Institutions Operating under the Ministry of National Education has been reprepared in conformance to the concept of norm staffing and become effective upon being issued in the Official Gazette dated 11.6.2000, no. 24076.

When making appointments, "areas-branches for teacher appointment" is the basis for identifying the number of vacant norm staff positions all over the country. This figure and the number of positions for appointment are taken together when calculating the number of teachers to be appointed to each area.
As long as education faculty graduates with suitable conditions are available, other candidates are not appointed even if they have had high scores in the State Officers' Exam and in the Public Officers Foreign Language Exam.

Applications for appointments and interprovincial relocations based on free will are filed in optic forms, evaluated by optic readers and processed in electronic environment.

Quantitative teacher
requirements of a society influences teacher training and employment policies and teacher training models. Teacher requirements and teacher redundancies may result in the employment of teachers who have not received professional teacher training. However, through its policies of teacher training and employment, the Ministry of National Education has both achieved balanced minimalisation of teacher requirements and increased the quality of teachers.

As a result of all these new rules and practices in the personnel policy of the Ministry of National Education, teacher employment is based on such principles as;
" Openness
" Impartiality
" Superiority of law
" System reliability
" Ensuring balanced distribution country-wide
This practice overlaps with the benefits of teachers and the public.

Inclusion of English language courses in the schedule of the 4th and 5th classes as part of the eight years of uninterrupted primary education application has significantly increased the requirements for English teachers. In order to meet this need, English language instructors have been appointed in 2001, just like in 1998, 1999 and 2000. Since the number of higher education graduates has failed to reach the required level, 5.000 English language instructors are planned to be employed as temporary personnel in 2001-2002 academic year in the whole of Turkey.

The Ministry of Education has only recently started to provide services, though restricted, to teachers working all over the country who started to get benefits from the social buildings in 1990.

SERVICES FOR TEACHERS

In addition, when making appointments; the following order of priority applies for the higher education programs that candidates have graduated from, provided all other conditions are met with respect to the vacant teaching positions.

a) Education faculty graduates
b) Those who have completed the non-dissertation graduate programs for secondary school area teachers mentioned in the Decision of the Training Council, though this is not included in the teacher training higher education programs
c) Those who have graduated from the Mathematics-Science-Physics-Chemistry-Biology-Geography-History- Social Sciences - German -French-Physical Education teaching departments of the education faculties; the education programs in the educational science departments of education faculties or educational science faculties; education-teaching management and supervision; education management and planning; measurement and assessment in education; and public education department graduates having completed the class teaching certification programs. (This practice has been terminated for the coming years.)
d) Those who have graduated from other higher education programs but have completed the non-dissertation graduate program for secondary school area teachers, with certificates proving that a sufficient number of courses have been attended in the area of the appointment.
In appointments and relocations, candidate teachers and actual teachers are allowed to prefer 5 cities. In 2001, the percentage of appointments based on preference is 83.66. This practice definitely eliminates unpleasant scenes, as efforts are made to exchange positions by mutual consent.
Relocations of teachers with excuse are based on such criteria as will, need, service score and norm staffing.

2.2.1. Appointment and Selection of Anadolu High School Teachers
Appointments of teachers to Anatolia high schools are compulsorily made by the Ministry of National Education. However, the process of teacher employment is faced by two problems such as the shortage of teachers for the branches in which courses must be taught in foreign languages and the reluctance of teachers to go to Anatolia high schools in small settlement areas. In order to solve these problems;
- starting from 2000, for branch teachers other than those teaching the courses which must be covered in foreign language, minimum service restriction and successful history criteria are used instead of exam obligation; and the Provincial National Education Commission has been delegated to make its selection from among the applicants.
- in 2001, teachers of the courses which must be covered in foreign language have been instructed to obtain the qualifications needed to teach such courses in foreign language, as well as making provisions for teacher appointments based on such criteria as minimum service and successful history until 30.09.2005.

2.2.2. Military Teachers
After the Law no. 4306 had come into effect, the Turkish Armed Forces provided the Ministry of National Education with more teachers equipped to support the implementation and complete the basic education. In addition, the period of basic military training has been reduced to one month and ten days for those who have been under arms while working as a teacher. Of the military teachers provided for the Ministry of National Education, those with soldier status are employed as "soldier teacher" for 17 months and those with reserve officer status for 15 months.
The soldier teachers who, before coming under arms, worked in the 28 cities in Eastern and South-eastern Anatolia Regions are appointed to the same cities after the basic training and those who were working in the other 53 cities before their military service are also transferred to those 28 cities. Staff criteria are not sought for when appointing soldier teachers.
2.2.3. Guidance Teachers
Although in norm staffing, guidance teacher norms are based on high criteria, there is a current shortage of 9.000 guidance teachers. In order to close this gap, 600 teachers who have graduated from education science faculties and education programs-teaching, measurement-assessment, education management-economy-planning and public education departments of the education faculties, still working as class teachers and having the required conditions were employed as guidance teachers in 2000, those who were successful during the academic year were subjected to in-service training at the end of the year, and transferred to the branch of guidance teacher.

600 class teachers are currently employed as guidance teachers.
However, these teachers have not yet changed their branches. Also, 186 teachers who have had guidance teacher training but been working as class teachers have changed their branches to become guidance teachers in August 2001. About 886 teacher resources obtained through these two arrangements come close to the number of teachers graduating from universities each year. Using the same methods, in the last two years about 1.500 vocational course teachers in vocational high schools of trade and about 250 teachers of business education (trade) have changed their branches.
With this practice;
- Teachers are employed in their areas or near areas, thus becoming more effective, efficient and motivated.
- Teacher requirements are met in the branches where teachers have been transferred to.
Those who shall be appointed as teachers after 2001 shall have to take an exam according to the regulations on the screening exam for those professions subject to a special competition examination. Candidates shall be appointed starting from the highest score until the quota are filled for the related branch.

2.2.4. English Language Instruction
The Ministry of National Education shall carry out employment of English language instructors considering the English language teacher requirements of the cities and the estimated number of volunteers. Since temporary personnel are employed as part-time English instructors, those having any kind of business relations or retired English teachers may also be considered.
In that context, those who shall be employed as English language instructors have to fulfil the education criteria summarized below as well as the criteria for state officer appointments;
_ have graduated from the English Teaching, English Language and Literature, American Language and Literature, Linguistics, Interpretation/Translation (English) departments of higher education institutions and from English teaching undergraduate departments of higher education institutions where education is given in the foreign language,
_ have graduated from domestic higher education institution departments other than those listed above or from foreign higher education institutions whose equivalence has been approved by the Higher Education Institution and having had at least (B) level success in the State Officers Foreign Language Exam and having passed the TOEFL and İELTS exams.
Those meeting the above requirements have to apply to the provincial or district national education directorates where they wish to be employed in order to sign a service contract. To ensure that the same number of English language instructors is employed in the 2001-2002 academic year, the offer of the Ministry of National Education has been taken to the Prime Ministry to be passed by the Council of Ministers pending approval from the Ministry of Finance.

2.2.5. Retirement
The number of teachers having retired in the last five years is 41.300. The figure of 8.842 retired teachers in 2001 is about 30% less than

3. TEACHER APPOINTMENTS
In order to meet the teacher requirements of schools operating under the Ministry of National Education, in 2001 40.324 teachers have been appointed of which 8.256 are relocations and 32.068 are first employment; among which 2.223 were appointed in March, 27.246 in September, 824 in October and 1.775 in November.

In the last five years, 188.544
teachers have been appointed.

NUMBER OF TEACHERS APPOINTED IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS

RESOURCE: The Ministry of National Education General Directorate of Personnel
*This figure does not include the 2.223 teachers appointed in March 2001.

RESOURCE: The Ministry of National Education General Directorate of Personnel
*This figure does not include the 4.304 teachers appointed.

4. TEACHER HOUSES, TRAINING CENTRES AND SOCIAL BUILDINGS
Teacher houses, teachers' local headquarters, training centres and social buildings are established to enhance friendship and mutual support among teachers, central and provincial organisation personnel and retired teachers, to meet their social and moral needs, to support their vocational and cultural development and to help them have continuous and positive relationships with their families and friends.

Other goals are to protect the teachers with scarce economical resources from the high prices imposed by other organisations and institutions that render the same services against free market rates, to discuss problems of personnel in the same professional area, to give them room within the cultural activities and to meet their education needs that arise during the service period.

In 2001, 621 teacher houses with 17.881 bedding capacity, 201 teachers' local headquarters, 10 training centres and social buildings for summer months with about 2.620 bedding capacity have been giving services.

RESOURCE: The Ministry of National Education Research, Planning and Coordination Board

RESOURCE: The Ministry of National Education Department of Teacher Services and Social Affairs

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Ministry Of National Education
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